Subsequent Beni Amer protests turned violent, and security officers opened fire, killing seven people and injuring 19. The security forces repeatedly used lethal violence to suppress protests during the movement to oust al-Bashir. The interim constitution affirmed workers’ right to form and join trade unions. Among other changes, a new Article 80 created the Council of Partners for the Transitional Period—comprising the prime minister, the FFC, the military, and the rebel groups that signed the peace agreement—with a mandate to discuss major political issues that arise during the transition. As a result of South Sudan African Mission, Aweil Bible College was founded and in 2007 with eighteen in the first graduating class. Gaafar Nimeiry survived some coup attempts. In January 2020, the government committee tasked with recovering assets from the former ruling party suspended the newspapers Al-Rai al-Am and Al-Sudani and the television channels Ashorooq and Teiba. 'A withering assault on the murderous regime of Kagame, and a melancholy love song to the last dreams of the African Great Lakes' John Le Carre A new book from the award winning author of In the Footsteps of Mr Kurtz, Do Not Disturb ... The first charges under the new law were reported in November. Kiir knew that building a consensus among the elites and their constituencies was the key to South Sudan’s peace, and he accommodated longtime foes to maintain southern solidarity as independence approached. The October 2020 signing of the Juba Peace Agreement between the TSC and rebel groups led by the Sudan Revolutionary Front (SRF) had the effect of restarting the 39-month transition period prior to national elections. In recent years, the developing world has seen a burst of efforts to reduce corruption, increase transparency and accountability, and improve governance. Needless to say, this is an important and encouraging development. The holiday is annually observed on its anniversary, June 30. During peace talks in February 2020, the government reached an agreement with Darfuri rebel groups to turn over to the ICC the five Sudanese suspects accused of war crimes, including al-Bashir. More than 1,500 deaths from the disease had been reported by year’s end, and the pandemic worsened an already weak economy. Sharia-based laws deny women equal rights in marriage and divorce. Due to the strict Islamic rules used in Sudan, the country’s leadership has been accused of human rights violations. Score Change: The score improved from 0 to 1 because the authorities’ use of force and administrative restrictions against protesters was less severe than in previous years. Found insideAs South Sudanese analyst Daniel Akech Thiong shows, it is this politics that lies at the heart of the country's seemingly intractable civil war. In this book, Akech Thiong explores the origins of South Sudan's politics of fear. Found inside"The only remaining path to protect [South Sudan's] sovereignty and territorial integrity, restore its legitimacy, and politically empower its citizens is through an international transitional administration, established by the United ... Despite the October 2020 Juba Peace Agreement, civilians in Sudan continued to suffer from the effects of armed conflict and related lawlessness, and some rebel factions refused to participate in the peace talks. Women are guaranteed 40 percent of the seats on the TLC, which had yet to be formed in 2020. The legal reforms adopted in July 2020 included a provision that criminalized female genital mutilation, which is prevalent among the vast majority of women in Sudan. In addition to the prosecution of former president al-Bashir, the office prosecuted 27 members of the security forces for the detention and killing of a schoolteacher in February 2019, obtaining death sentences against them in late December of that year. However, the government’s decision to increase penalties for disseminating false information and other such offenses in July 2020, and the military’s threats to take legal action in response to online insults, raised new doubts about the authorities’ commitment to freedom of personal expression. Do the freely elected head of government and national legislative representatives determine the policies of the government? Intelligence officers no longer raid and censor newspapers or interfere with printing presses, and institutional censorship in general has declined. Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement, including the ability to change their place of residence, employment, or education? In a succession of opaque deals, al-Bashir’s regime leased large parcels of arable land to foreign countries for export crop production. To prevent the spread of COVID-19 during the year, the government imposed curfews, banned large gatherings, and limited international travel. The new TSC pledged to issue clear guidelines for those seeking permission to build new churches, and Christians welcomed the appointment of a Coptic Christian judge to one of the TSC’s civilian seats. A detailed list of African presidents’ names, countries, and years in government. A series of legal amendments adopted by the transitional government in July 2020 banned forced confessions and the “infliction of torture” on suspects, prohibited the death penalty for defendants under age 18, and abolished the penalty of flogging for some criminal offenses, although flogging and other forms of corporal punishment were still prescribed for other crimes. In October 2020, the government signed the Juba Peace Agreement with the SRF alliance and another rebel group, the Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) Minni Minnawi faction. President – Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, Leader of the Sovereignty Council (2019–present) Prime Minister – Abdalla Hamdok, Prime Minister of Sudan (2019–present) Tanzania. The agreement was based on a power-sharing principle. Were the current national legislative representatives elected through free and fair elections? 4 Aug 2021 Found insideIn this book, experts from Europe, the United States, and the Middle East discuss what has happened since the so-called “Arab Spring” emerged and how those often-bewildering events have affected both North Africa and the European states ... Women are denied equal rights to property and inheritance under laws based on Sharia (Islamic law) and through discriminatory customary practices. Bleak economic conditions, mass unemployment, and high prices for basic goods were among the root causes of the revolution that helped topple al-Bashir’s regime in 2019. Sudan's PM Hamdok expected in Juba to discuss current political crisis MAGENIS - 7 Aug 2021 Fighting erupts between rival SPLA-IO factions in Upper Nile [3] The Transitional Military Council was replaced with the Sovereignty Council on 20 August 2019, under the chairmanship of al-Burhan. Al-Bashir was removed from power by the Sudanese Armed Forces on 11 April 2019, amid the Sudanese Revolution after holding the office for nearly 30 years. The interim constitution commits Sudan to a plural, decentralized political system in which citizens are free to exercise their rights without discrimination based on race, religion, gender, regional affiliation, or other such grounds. The President of GOSS also serves as First Vice President of the Republic of the Sudan. Yet, according to the U.K.-based standard, “to say South Sudan’s independence ended the internecine war is to err. Ismail Al-Azhari was in support of Egypt and against British rule. Al-Bashir’s government regularly interfered with education and worked to suppress dissent on university campuses, using increasingly violent tactics as students became involved with the protest movement that began in late 2018. Abboud was succeeded by a senior civil servant, Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa, who served as acting president for 18 days before transferring executive authority to a Committee of Sovereignty. Sudan’s transitional government and rebel groups negotiating in South Sudan's capital, Juba, will sign a final peace deal in two weeks’ time, mediators have announced. In April 2019, following over six months of persistent youth-led protests, Sudanese president Omar al-Bashir was successfully deposed, bringing an end to three decades of authoritarian rule in Sudan.In this illuminating volume, Khalid ... Ibrahim Abboud managed to improve Sudan’s economy and foreign relations during his reign. However, he faced opposition from various groups. Regional African body IGAD called Monday on rival military factions of South Sudanese Vice President Riek Machar’s movement to open the path … Does the government operate with openness and transparency? In 2020, there were several incidents in which violent actors attempted to derail the transition. Score Change: The score improved from 0 to 1 due to the abolition of exit permits and a rule that had required women to obtain a male guardian’s consent to travel abroad with their children. In practice, the FFC and a number of separate parties have continued to operate. See all data, scores & information on this country or territory. Ahmed al-Mirghani succeeded to the relatively powerless position of Chairman of the Supreme Council in 1986, after multi-party election held that year. Found insideToday the conflict continues unabated and the humanitarian situation grows ever more urgent. This book analyses the crisis and some of its contributing factors. In The Root Causes of Sudan's Civil Wars, Douglas H. Johnson examines historical, political, economic, and social factors to come to a more subtle understanding of the trajectory of Sudan's civil wars. Found inside – Page 446Omar al-Bashir is the present President of Sudan. • Sudan Capital: Khartoum, Currency: Sudanese pound. 21. 16. PayU India has received Reserve Bank of ... Despite the transitional government’s statements and actions regarding labor exploitation, senior military figures who hold positions in the TSC power structure have profited from illicit economic activities, including mining and smuggling operations. The 2019 interim constitution affirms freedom of movement and the right to travel—including overseas—for all citizens, but these rights are still impeded in practice by state security forces and other armed groups across the country, including those engaged in clashes between ethnic communities in 2020. He unsuccessfully vied for the presidency in 2000. See the Freedom in the World 2021 score and learn about democracy and freedom in Sudan. The Republic of Sudan received its independence from the combined control of Egypt and the United Kingdom on January 1st, 1956. The Sudanese government welcomed and met with ICC representatives in Khartoum in October, but al-Bashir and other suspects remained in Sudanese custody at year’s end. Found insideIn February 2021 the UN Security Council renewed its authorization of AMISOM ... a lengthy extension to the current presidential and parliamentary mandates. Is there academic freedom, and is the educational system free from extensive political indoctrination? Sexual violence against women remains a major problem. Since campuses reopened in October 2019, after being shuttered early that year, student unions have held elections for their new leaders, and a variety of student groups have been able to organize and hold meetings. South Sudan’s Vice President Machar deposed by party Machar was deposed following a three-day gathering of senior leaders, the party’s military wing said. Implementation of these measures remained uncertain at year’s end. Since independence was proclaimed on 1 January 1956, six individuals (and three multi-member sovereignty councils) have served as head of state of Sudan, currently under the title President of the Republic of the Sudan. Legal reforms continued in 2020, and in July the government adopted the Miscellaneous Amendments Act, which repealed the criminalization of apostasy, abolished corporal punishment for blasphemy, and permitted non-Muslims to trade and consume alcohol, among other provisions. In July, security forces disrupted a sit-in in North Darfur State, killing one person and injuring a dozen others. Some of the Presidents held an honorary position, such as with President Ismail Al-Azhari, while others exercised total control, as has been the case with President Omar al-Bashir. Ibrahim Abboud became the first head of state of the independent Republic of Sudan in 1958. He was born in 1900, and he attended the Military College in Khartoum. Washington, DC 20036. The world’s youngest nation has been mired in instability and conflict since gaining independence from Sudan 10 years ago. 14 September 2021 South Sudan: Briefing and Consultations on the UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) Tomorrow (15 September), the Security Council will convene for an open briefing on the UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) and the Secretary-General’s most recent 90-day report on South Sudan (S/2021/784). Sudan has been in the midst of a political crisis since long-serving ruler Omar al-Bashir was overthrown in April. The transitional government has begun to dismantle the surveillance apparatus associated with the former regime, notably by replacing the NISS with the GIS—which has narrower powers and responsibilities—in 2019. Do laws, policies, and practices guarantee equal treatment of various segments of the population? Another 1.96 million South Sudanese are internally displaced as of August 2017. GDP in Sudan averaged 18.61 USD Billion from 1960 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 65.63 USD Billion in 2010 and a record low of 1.31 USD Billion in 1960. Machar and Kiir shook hands and hugged last year when they agreed to work together. Journalists reportedly received threats that they would be prosecuted if they did not stop criticizing the military and delete critical reports. In October, fighting in South Darfur State resulted in dozens of deaths and the displacement of some 4,500 people. Violence involving security forces, other armed groups, and rival ethnic communities persists in many parts of the country. African Union chair meets Egypt’s Al-Sisi within regional tour to stimulate GERD talks. The day’s updated Current Affairs quizzes cover topics such as new AUKUS security partnership, World Ozone Day 2021 and Virat Kohli among others. In August, the government committee tasked with dismantling the former regime dismissed 151 judges and 21 prosecutors. The transitional government took early steps to clamp down on hazardous practices and working conditions in the gold-mining sector. The administrators were then replaced with more independent figures. More than a year after President of South Sudan Salva Kiir and former opposition leader Riek Machar formed a unity government, ... with UN officials warning that 2021 … Ismail al-Azhari, the leader of the National Unionist Party, was made president in July 1965; he ruled with limited power until he was deposed in 1969. Migrants, refugees, asylum seekers, and IDPs remain especially vulnerable to exploitation, including by criminal networks engaged in human trafficking. Al-Bashir and other former officials remained in custody in Sudan at year’s end. Divisions among political parties and activists emerged during 2020. He was deposed in a 1989 military coup led by Lieutenant-General Omar al-Bashir. These include senior security officials who sold the services of their troops to foreign powers for use in the ongoing civil war in Yemen. An Eritrean delegation sent by President Isaias Afwerki today met with Sudanese government officials including Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok. O n Monday, May 24, 2021, Ted N. C. Wilson, president of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists and several selected General Conference (GC) delegates met with Nasr-Eddin Mofarah, minister of Religious Affairs and Endowments for the Republic of Sudan. Monday, March 29, 2021 By: Zach Vertin; Aly Verjee As part of its commitment to learning from peace processes, the U.S. Institute of Peace is pleased to launch the South Sudan Peace Process Archive, which aims to provide South Sudanese citizens, mediators, policymakers, academics and other interested readers a window … The International Trade Union Confederation’s Africa branch criticized the decision as a violation of freedom of association. However, as part of the transitional government’s efforts to dismantle the former ruling party and affiliated institutions, it dissolved the SWTUF and the Sudan Journalists Union in late 2019. It also pushed back national elections until early 2024. Scores of people were killed and many more were displaced by the rise in communal violence in several parts of the country during the year. The world’s youngest nation has been mired in instability and conflict since gaining independence from Sudan 10 years ago. He resigned later in the year marking the end of his military rule. September 15, 2021 (JUBA) - South Sudan’s president Salva Kiir has declined a request to sack Humanitarian Affairs minister, Peter Mayen Majongdit, preferring dialogue among aggrieved parties. He had little power and was overthrown in 1969. Join the Freedom House monthly newsletter, 1850 M St. NW Floor 11 The legislation abolished the need for exit permits as well as a rule that had required women to obtain permission from a male guardian in order to travel abroad with children. He became Sudan’s first Prime Minister in 1954. Ismail Al-Azhari was born in 1900. The President of Somalia Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed announced on September 16, 2021, that he has suspended Prime Minister Mohammed Hussein Roble’s power to fire and fire the officials. It has not embarked on security sector refo… Sudan; ... South Sudan. As he concluded his two-day visit to Sudan, Grandi met with Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok, who is also the current IGAD chairperson. Al-Bashir served as head of state, under the title of Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation from 1989 to 1993 and as president from 1993 to 2019 (and from 1996 as the leader of the National Congress Party). While some temporary travel restrictions were imposed during 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the government removed long-standing legal constraints on travel as part of the July 2020 reform package. The 2019 interim constitution guarantees freedom of worship and does not give Islam an official status. Found inside – Page 74The ICC indicted the current president and deputy president after at least 1,300 people were killed in post-election violence in early 2008. In June 2020, the government arrested former NCP leader and foreign minister Ibrahim Ghandour. Found inside – Page 2001In March Bashir was indicted by the ICC for his role in Sudan's ethnic conflict (see Current issues, below). Following the expulsion of international aid ... Found insideThe best country-by-country assessment of human rights. The human rights records of more than ninety countries and territories are put into perspective in Human Rights Watch's signature yearly report. Are individuals free to express their personal views on political or other sensitive topics without fear of surveillance or retribution? The two sides have discussed bilateral and regional issues stressing the need to collaborate, according to a twit by Eritrean Information Minister Yemane G/ab. The power held by the office of the president has varied since the creation of the position. While the transitional government includes civilian leaders, it remains unelected. Gaafar Nimeiry was a military officer who led the overthrow of the government of Ismail al-Azahari in 1969. Junub Sudan An assortment of current important news mainly about South Sudan or the World. His position as secretary marked his entry into politics. The independent SPA, founded in late 2016, was instrumental in the protest movement that led to al-Bashir’s ouster, and it has since played a role in the transitional government, with one of its members named to the TSC. Women played an influential role in the 2019 protest movement and have since demanded greater representation at all levels of government. Under al-Bashir, Christians were persecuted and churches were shuttered, often under the pretext that they lacked appropriate permits. In 2018 President Salva Kiir and former Vice-President and long-time political rival Riek Machar, signed a peace accord hoping to end the crisis and improve the … Found inside... longest-serving president Hosni Mubarak dies at 91 Riek Machar swears in as first vice president in South Sudan India's first floating jetty inaugurated ... Prior to independence, Sudan was governed as a condominium by Egypt and the United Kingdom, under the name Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. SFSP will deliver cash transfers to Sudanese families affected by expected economic reforms and other short-term shocks. In response, the transitional authorities moved to disband NCP groups in higher education and dismissed 28 university chancellors and 35 vice chancellors, many of whom were affiliated with the NCP. In some cases, delays in appointing governors for the country’s 10 states have resulted in dangerous political vacuums. Found inside – Page 68Palestine is set to hold its first national elections in 2021 after a span of 14 long years. As per a decree signed by Palestine President Mahmoud Abbas on ... Omar al-Bashir . Authorities repealedan abusive public order law, outlawed female genital mutilation, removed the death penalty and lashing as punishments for consensual same-sex conduct and many other offenses, and abolished apostasy as a crime. In May, fighting in Kadugli resulted in 26 deaths and injuries to 19 people. • More than 90,000 people have been affected by flooding in eight counties across South Sudan to date in 2021. Are individuals able to exercise the right to own property and establish private businesses without undue interference from state or nonstate actors? This vision had yet to be implemented as of 2020. Olusegun Obasanjo, former president of Nigeria as African Union High Representative for the Horn of Africa, saying that Obasanjo is an experienced statesman, leader and diplomat.. Dr Workneh hailed the appointment … The new appointments had yet to be made at the end of the year. He had served for three years before he was overthrown in 1989 by Omar al-Bashir. August 26, 2021 (ADDIS ABABA) - South Sudan’s President Salva Kiir has appreciated the Ethiopian government efforts in ensuring peace and stability prevails in the world’s youngest nation. Omar al-Bashir is Sudan’s current President. South Sudan’s economy is expected to contract by 4.1 percent in 2021, according to the World Bank, while currency depreciation and soaring food prices have eroded people’s purchasing power. Score Change: The score improved from 1 to 2 because the government continued to repeal long-standing legislation that had restricted religious freedom, including laws criminalizing apostasy. In October, members of the Beja community protested against the interim governor, a member of the Beni Amer community, who was subsequently dismissed. On 17 August 2015, an internationally-mediated peace agreement was signed. The accord included provisions for the integration of rebel fighters into the security forces, power-sharing allocations, and commitments to address economic marginalization. A model of structural linguistic analysis as well as a teaching tool, this text gives the student a comprehensive grasp of the essentials of modern Korean in 25 lessons, with 5 review lessons, leading to advanced levels of proficiency. Found insideIt was an extraordinary, unprecedented experiment. Many have fought, but South Sudan did the impossible, and won. This is the story of an epic fight for freedom. It is also the story of a nightmare. More. The peace agreement also reorganized the government’s power-sharing allocations so that the armed groups would have three seats on the TSC and hold 25 percent of ministerial posts in the cabinet. In November, General al-Burhan signed a decree granting general amnesty to the leaders and fighters of the SRF and the SLA Minni Minawi. Jake Wheeler spent 2017 to 2021 working in South Sudan, most recently as country representative for a public health nongovernmental organization. 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